Science Trends

Biological process in which cells degrade and recycle their own components to maintain cellular homeostasis. This mechanism is crucial under stress conditions such as nutrient deprivation and involves the formation of autophagosomes that fuse with lysosomes to degrade and recycle cellular contents. Autophagy is significant for various physiological processes and is studied for its implications in diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

Scikit-learn is a widely-used open-source machine learning library for the Python programming language. It offers simple and efficient tools for data mining and data analysis, built on top of NumPy, SciPy, and matplotlib, and includes a variety of algorithms for supervised and unsupervised learning, model selection, and preprocessing. Scikit-learn is particularly valuable for data scientists, machine learning practitioners, and researchers who require robust and accessible tools for developing and evaluating machine learning models.

Professionals who design and conduct studies to investigate human diseases and methods to prevent and treat these diseases. They prepare and analyze data from medical samples and investigate the causes and treatments of toxicity, pathogens, or chronic diseases, contributing significantly to medical advancements. Healthcare scientists primarily benefit the medical community and public health by improving disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment methods.

A plant species known for its medicinal properties, commonly referred to as Thumbai. It features oval-shaped leaves that can be either petiolated or without an intervening stalk, and it has axillary or terminal inflorescence with indeterminate augmentation. Leucas aspera is primarily used in traditional medicine for treating chronic rheumatism, psoriasis, scabies, and chronic skin eruptions, and its leaf juice serves as an antibacterial agent.

Low-growing herbaceous plant known as Oxalis corniculata or creeping woodsorrel, commonly found in various regions. It is utilized in traditional medicine for treating conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome due to its medicinal properties. The plant is primarily of interest to herbalists and individuals seeking natural remedies for gastrointestinal issues.

A steroid hormone primarily produced in the testes in males and in smaller amounts in the ovaries in females. It plays a crucial role in the development of male reproductive tissues, such as the testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics like increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. Testosterone is essential for health and well-being, and it helps prevent osteoporosis, benefiting both men and women.

Leading innovator in the insect industry, developing sustainable and eco-friendly technologies from insects to improve food security and health. All Things Bugs differentiates itself by focusing on the utilization of insects as a resource for creating high-protein food products and other applications, contributing to environmental sustainability and nutritional solutions. The company's primary target demographic includes environmentally conscious consumers, food industry stakeholders, and organizations focused on sustainable agriculture and food security.

Protein analysis involves the study of proteins to understand their structure, function, and interactions. This process includes the expression and purification of a specific protein, followed by various analytical methods based on the protein's characteristics such as charge, solubility, activity, and stability. Protein analysis is essential for researchers in biochemistry, molecular biology, and related fields who aim to understand protein functions and develop therapeutic interventions.

Energy storage involves capturing energy produced at one time for use at a later time, playing a crucial role in balancing supply and demand, integrating renewable energy sources, and improving the reliability and efficiency of the power grid. Key technologies in this field include batteries, pumped hydro storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheels, thermal energy storage, and hydrogen storage, each offering unique benefits and applications. Energy storage solutions are particularly valuable for utility companies, renewable energy providers, and industries seeking to enhance energy efficiency and grid stability.

A multifunctional protein that is part of the transferrin family, known for its ability to bind and transport iron. Found in various secretory fluids and in the secondary granules of neutrophils, lactoferrin has several biological roles including antimicrobial activity, regulation of iron absorption, and modulation of the immune response. It is particularly beneficial for individuals seeking to enhance their immune function, regulate iron levels, and potentially reduce inflammation.

Biotechnology company that manufactures liquid handling robots using open-source software. Opentrons Labworks, Inc. differentiates itself by providing accessible and affordable automation solutions for laboratories, enhancing workflow efficiency and reproducibility. The company's products are primarily targeted at research labs, academic institutions, and biotech companies seeking to automate their liquid handling processes.

Systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, leading to illogical inferences about people and situations. These biases often arise from the brain's attempt to simplify information processing, resulting in errors such as confirmation bias, anchoring bias, and availability heuristic. Cognitive biases affect decision-making in personal life, business, and public policy, and understanding them can help mitigate their impact.

Mathematical object that generalizes scalars, vectors, and matrices to higher dimensions. Tensors are used in physics to describe physical properties and in computer science, particularly in machine learning and deep learning, as multi-dimensional arrays to represent and manipulate data. Tensors are essential for researchers and professionals in fields such as physics, engineering, and data science.

Seeds specifically adapted to the local climate and soil conditions of a particular region. These seeds are often heirloom or native varieties that have been cultivated over time to thrive in specific environmental conditions, offering resilience and good yields. Local seeds are ideal for gardeners and farmers seeking plants well-suited to their region, supporting biodiversity, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

The VCAN gene encodes a protein called versican, which is involved in regulating cell growth and division, cell adhesion, and cell migration. Versican plays a role in angiogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, and preventing the growth of cancerous tumors, making it crucial for various physiological processes. This gene is particularly significant for researchers and medical professionals studying cancer, tissue repair, and inflammatory diseases.

Three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of holding large amounts of water. Hydrogels are used in a variety of applications due to their unique properties, such as high water content, flexibility, and biocompatibility, making them suitable for medical devices, drug delivery systems, wound dressings, and tissue engineering. They are particularly beneficial for medical and pharmaceutical industries, as well as for researchers in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Metric used to measure the similarity between two vectors by calculating the cosine of the angle between them. Commonly utilized in text analysis, it ranges from -1 to 1, where 1 indicates identical vectors, 0 indicates no similarity, and -1 indicates completely opposite vectors. This metric is particularly beneficial for applications in natural language processing and information retrieval.

Neurotechnology company that integrates neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and hardware to create innovative products. Bitbrain offers devices and software tools for real-time monitoring of EEG, various biosignals (ExG, GSR, RESP, TEMP), and movement activity (EMG, IMUs), distinguishing itself with advanced data analytics and user-friendly interfaces. The company's products are primarily targeted at researchers, healthcare professionals, and organizations seeking to leverage neurotechnology for cognitive and physiological assessments.

Surgical technique used to stabilize bone fractures with minimal soft tissue damage. MIPPO involves the use of small incisions and specialized instruments to place plates and screws, reducing the risk of infection and promoting faster recovery compared to traditional open surgery. This technique is particularly beneficial for patients requiring fracture stabilization with minimal disruption to surrounding tissues.

Field that involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data relating to the Earth's surface. It encompasses a variety of disciplines, including surveying, mapping, geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and geodesy, providing valuable insights for urban planning, environmental monitoring, and resource management. Geomatics professionals and organizations involved in spatial data management and analysis benefit from this field.

Clinical-stage biotechnology company founded in 2017 and headquartered in South San Francisco, CA. The company is pioneering the development of allogeneic CAR T (AlloCAR T™) products for cancer and autoimmune diseases, differentiating itself by focusing on off-the-shelf cell therapies. The target demographic includes patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases seeking innovative cell therapy treatments.

Field that involves the hypothetical reconstruction of the evolutionary history of life, often creating imaginative scenarios about how life forms might evolve under different environmental conditions. It blends science and creative storytelling to explore the possibilities of life's adaptability and diversity, providing a unique perspective on evolutionary biology. Speculative evolution primarily appeals to scientists, educators, and enthusiasts interested in evolutionary theory, creative writing, and science fiction.

Cold exposure refers to the practice of subjecting the body to cold temperatures through methods such as cold showers, ice baths, or spending time in cold environments. This practice is believed to offer various health benefits, including improved circulation, enhanced immune function, and reduced inflammation, while also posing risks like hypothermia and frostbite. Cold exposure is often utilized by athletes for muscle recovery and by individuals seeking to boost mental resilience and overall well-being.

Insects belonging to the order Hemiptera, characterized by their piercing-sucking mouthparts and hemelytra. True bugs undergo incomplete metamorphosis and inhabit various environments, serving roles as herbivores, predators, or parasites. They are of interest to entomologists and ecologists due to their diverse ecological roles and impact on agriculture.

Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is a technology used for large-scale hydrogen production, primarily in the chlor-alkali industry. It operates at temperatures between 50–80 °C and pressures up to 30 bar, utilizing an alkaline electrolyte to facilitate the electrolysis process. This technology is beneficial for industries requiring substantial hydrogen production, such as chemical manufacturing and energy sectors.

Global Burden of Disease (GBD) is a comprehensive research program that evaluates mortality and disability from major diseases, injuries, and risk factors on a regional and global scale. Conducted by a consortium of researchers and institutions, the GBD study provides critical data that informs health policy and planning, helping to identify health priorities and allocate resources effectively. The primary beneficiaries of the GBD study are policymakers, public health officials, and researchers who utilize the data to improve health outcomes and address public health challenges.

Process that converts plastic waste into valuable chemicals and fuels by breaking down plastics at the molecular level. Chemical recycling includes methods such as pyrolysis, gasification, and depolymerization, which can handle a wider range of plastic waste and produce higher-quality recycled materials compared to mechanical recycling, though it is often more energy-intensive and expensive. This process is particularly beneficial for industries and organizations focused on sustainable waste management and reducing plastic pollution.

Concept often used in storytelling, particularly in genres like science fiction, fantasy, and speculative fiction. It involves the creation of an imaginary world, complete with its own geography, history, culture, and rules, helping to create a believable and immersive setting for the narrative. Worldbuilding primarily benefits authors, game designers, and filmmakers who aim to craft detailed and engaging fictional universes.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds in molecules, playing a significant role in various biological processes. Esterases are involved in the metabolism of drugs, the breakdown of dietary fats, and other physiological functions, with different types such as carboxylesterases, cholinesterases, and lipases each having specific roles. These enzymes are essential for organisms including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms, and have applications in biotechnology, medicine, and industry.

Carbon neutrality refers to achieving a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks, resulting in a net-zero carbon footprint. This can be achieved through reducing emissions, investing in renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and supporting carbon offset projects. Carbon neutrality is primarily targeted at businesses, governments, and individuals aiming to mitigate climate change and reduce their environmental impact.